A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Marital Satisfaction and Adult’s Attachment Styles: an Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural Perspective

The subjective experience of satisfaction with a romantic relationship is commonly associated with the individual characteristics of couples and the cultures in which they live. One of the most studied individual characteristics is the adult attachment style, comprising the particular functioning by which the individual seeks trust, intimacy, and closeness in romantic relationships. Although many studies point out that secure attachment is associated with greater satisfaction, it is not clear how generalizable this association is since different individuals, contexts, and cultures can modulate this relationship. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between adult attachment and marital satisfaction. We followed the PRISMA method guidelines, using the terms “Attachment Styles” and “Marital Satisfaction” using the Web of Science database (Fig. 1). From a total of 275 articles, 30 studies were included in the review. Twenty-three studies (~ 80%) found a positive association between partner satisfaction and their spouse’s secure attachment and/or a negative association between partner satisfaction with their spouse’s insecure style. However, six studies indicated a contrary relationship, in which satisfaction was positively associated with insecure attachment, while six found no relationship between satisfaction and any attachment styles. Interestingly, nine studies found an association between self-reported insecure attachment and lower satisfaction in the same individuals. In addition, the birth of a child resulted in mixed results for couples, with positive and negative associations found between avoidant attachment and satisfaction. Finally, the positive association between satisfaction and secure attachment was found consistently in western and eastern cultures. Thus, the relationship between secure attachment style and love satisfaction presents a high degree of generality across cultures sampled in this review. However, the limitation in the number of cultures included in this review prevents drawing definitive conclusions. In addition, more research is needed to understand the functioning of attachment styles on marital satisfaction as couples are inserted in and go through different contexts. We consider that a cross-cultural perspective is necessary for studies on attachment styles and satisfaction, especially for studies with an evolutionary viewpoint, to understand the relationship between universal characteristics and the inherent diversity of human psychology.

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Notes

The study’s authors also included the factors of dominance, submission, and popularity of the Sternberg Love Story Index in their regression analyses (Sina et al., 2018).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions, which helped us in improving the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

Funding was provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES)/ Brazilian Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel by the means of a master degree scholarship to the first author. Funding code 001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

1. Master in Behavioral Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil Leonardo Boaventura Martins
2. Instituto de Psicologia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil Lucas André Scafutto Marengo, João Guilherme Siqueira Casalecchi & Marina Jordy de Almeida Figueiredo
3. Postgraduate Program in Behavioral Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil Mauro Dias Silva Júnior

1. Leonardo Boaventura Martins